Description: This print shows the exterior of Fort McIntosh in Beaver, Pennsylvania. Constructed in 1778, Fort McIntosh was the first fort north of the Ohio River, and was the site of the signing of the Treaty of Fort McIntosh on January 21, 1785, in which many Ohio American Indian tribes ceded land east of the Cuyahoga and Muskingum Rivers to the United States government. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08442
Subjects: Fortification--Pennsylvania; Forts & fortifications; Treaties; American Indian history
Places: Beaver (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: This engraving features a sketch of Fort McIntosh, which was established in 1778 near present-day Beaver, Pennsylvania. The log fort is situated on a bluff above the Ohio River, slightly less than a mile below the mouth of the Beaver River. Paths zigzag down the bluff to the river. The fort itself consists of logs placed horizontally; a flag attached to a flagpole is waving high above the palisade. A caption below the drawing reads: “View of Fort McIntosh.” The western wilderness played a major role in American, British, and American Indian strategy during the American Revolution. In May 1778, General George Washington, commander of the Continental Army, ordered Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh to establish a new fort in the Western Department, one of the regional divisions within the Continental Army. The Western Division included the area that would become the Northwest Territory, including the future state of Ohio. The French engineer who designed the fort, Chevalier DeCambray, named it in honor of its new commander. During the American Revolution, Fort McIntosh had the largest assembly of troops west of the Alleghenies. Originally the fort was intended to be the starting point for an offensive against the British garrison at Detroit and against the Wyandot Indians. At the time, most American Indians residing in the Ohio Country allied themselves with the British. Although they were neutral in the conflicts, the Christian Delaware Indians were among the few natives who were friendly to the Americans. During November 1778, McIntosh decided not to carry out his orders due to the winter months that lay ahead. Rather he decided to wait until the warmer spring months before conducting his attacks. Instead, he ordered the construction of a fort along the Tuscarawas River (Fort Laurens, near modern-day Bolivar, Ohio) to help his men survive the harsh winter weather. Fort Laurens was Ohio’s only Revolutionary War fort. In 1785 Fort McIntosh was the site of meeting where a treaty was signed by representatives of the Continental Congress and by American Indian tribal leaders from the Chippewa, Delaware, Ottawa, and Wyandot. They signed a treaty that surrendered control of American Indian lands in southern and eastern Ohio to the United States government. Most Indians rejected the validity of the treaty, and rather than improving relations, the Treaty of Fort McIntosh only intensified existing tensions between the United States government and the Indian tribes. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06155
Subjects: McIntosh, Lachlan, 1725-1806; Treaties; Fortification--Pennsylvania; American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783
Places: Beaver (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: Men's black beaver felt top hat, ca. 1816. Beaver felt hats were popular from the 16th century through the 19th century. Beaver fur was useful in creating a hat that retained its shape even after becoming wet. This hat is supposed to have belonged to Nathan Heacock, a Quaker from Pennsylvania. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04933
Subjects: Hats; Cultural Ohio--Popular Culture; Clothing & dress; Men
 

Description: League Park opened to the public on May 4, 1906 in Akron, Ohio. The park originally was located at the East End Grounds, but the location was unsatisfactory for play. The park then moved to the corner of Carroll and Beaver streets. The first game in the new stadium was between Newark and the Akron Tip-Tops. The Tip-Tops were a member of the Ohio & Pennsylvania League (O&P)which was considered to be a "C class" team. The Tip-Tops had much success, even winning the pennant from 1908-1911. In 1911, the O&P folded and the field became used by the University of Akron and Akron High School. It was also home to various semi-pro baseball teams. In 1920 the field became home to the Akron Pros, a charter member of the National Football League. Then in 1922 the field was sold to the Summit Growers association. The grounds were home to a farmers market from 1922-1976. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F02_015_001
Subjects: Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Sports; Sports and recreation facilities; Parks--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Baseball; Baseball fields;
Places: Akron (Ohio); Summit County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Mill and covered bridge. Unable to give county." This could be the Beaver's Mill & Old Covered Bridge in Highland County, on Rocky Fork Creek. In the 1800's and the early 1900's, Highland County was home to at least six different water powered mills along the Rocky Fork, which were important centers in rural life for grinding flour, cutting lumber, carding wool, and weaving blankets. The 122 foot long truss Beaver Mill covered bridge was built in 1872 and torn down in 1955 for a new road project. Ohio has a large number of covered bridges, falling second only to Pennsylvania in quantity. Within the state of Ohio, Fairfield County and Ashtabula County lead the state in containing the most original covered bridges. Most covered bridges in the U.S. were built between 1825 and 1875, with the first Ohio covered bridge built in 1829 in Eaton in Preble County. Bridges were covered to protect the structural wooden tresses from the elements, giving the bridges a longer life span of approximately 100 years as opposed to 20 years for an uncovered bridge. At one point in time, Ohio had approximately 3,500 covered bridges, but that number has diminished to approximately 138 covered bridges today. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F17_034_001
Subjects: Water mills--Ohio--History; Covered bridges--Ohio
Places: Ohio